One thing follows from the fairy tale. Literary leisure "In the land of fairy tales"
Preface<к переводу «Волшебных сказок» Шарля Перро>
Perrault's fairy tales are especially popular throughout Europe; Russian children know them relatively less, which is probably due to the lack of good translations and publications. Indeed, despite their somewhat scrupulous, Old French grace, Perrault's fairy tales deserve an honorable place in children's literature. They are cheerful, entertaining, relaxed, not burdened with either unnecessary morality or authorial pretension; the spirit of folk poetry that once created them is still felt in them; they contain exactly that mixture of the incomprehensibly miraculous and the everyday-simple, the sublime and the funny, which constitutes the hallmark of real fairy-tale fiction. Our positive and enlightened time is beginning to abound with positive and enlightened people who do not like precisely this admixture of the miraculous: raising a child, according to their concepts, should be not only important, but also serious - and instead of fairy tales, he should be given small geological and physiological treatises. It happened that we came across one teacher (though she was an old girl from the Baltic Germans and wrote articles in magazines with direction, but without subscribers), who carefully removed the girl entrusted to her supervision from all contact with other children - in order to as the venerable mentor put it, not a single false fact entered the young head. The girl grew up and turned into a notorious coquette - but this, as we know, is not the fault of the theory, which remains infallible as before. Be that as it may, it seems to us very difficult and hardly useful for the time being to banish everything magical and wonderful, to leave the young imagination without food, to replace a fairy tale with a story. The child undoubtedly needs a teacher, and he also needs a nanny.
The witty publisher of Perrault's fairy tales, J. Getzel, known in literature under the pseudonym P. Stahl, in his preface notes very rightly that one should not be afraid of the miraculous for children. Not to mention the fact that many of them do not allow themselves to be completely deceived and, amused by the beauty and cuteness of their toy, in fact know very firmly that this never happened (remember, gentlemen, how you rode on sticks; after all, you you knew that these were not horses under you, but the case still turned out to be completely believable, and the pleasure was excellent); but even those children (and these are for the most part the most gifted and intelligent heads) who unconditionally believe in all the miracles of a fairy tale are very good at immediately renouncing this belief as soon as the hour comes. “Children, like adults, take from books only what they need and as long as they need it.” * Getzel is right: the dangers and difficulties of child upbringing do not lie in this direction.
We have just said that we believe that one of the reasons for the relative obscurity of Perrault’s fairy tales is the lack of good translations and editions. It is left to the public to judge how satisfactory our translation is; As for this publication, there has never been anything like it, not only here in Russia, but also abroad; and the name of the brilliant draftsman Gustav Doré has become too loud and does not need any praise.
Carl Perrault was born in Paris in 1628 and died there in 1697. * In 1693, being sixty-five years old, he published the first edition of his fairy tales * - “Contes de ma mère l'Oie” - under the name of his eleven-year-old son and written for him. Charles Perrault should not be confused with his brother *, Claudius, physician and architect, author of the Louvre Colonnade.
Ivan Turgenev
Notes
Printed according to the text of the first publication: Fairy tales Perrault, translation from French by Ivan Turgenev. St. Petersburg, 1866, loose leaf.
Included in the collected works for the first time in the publication: T, Works, vol. 12, p. 280-281.
The draft autograph is kept in Bible Nat, Slave 74, description see: Mazon, p. 67; microfilm - IRLI.
In 1862, the Parisian publisher J. Hetzel published an edition of Perrault's fairy tales with illustrations by Gustave Doré. Then he turned to Turgenev with a proposal to translate Perrault's fairy tales into Russian and write a preface to them addressed to Russian readers. The St. Petersburg bookseller M. O. Wolf undertook to publish the book. “I hasten to inform you,” Turgenev wrote to J. Etzel on July 9 (21), 1862, “that I accept your offer with great pleasure: translating Perrault is a truly happy occasion, and you can notify Mr. Wolf that I am taking on this " In the same letter, Turgenev promised to complete the work by the fall of 1862; however, even three years later, in February 1865, the translation was not yet ready. Having violated all deadlines, Turgenev was forced to turn to other people for help. As a result, the writer himself translated only “The Sorceresses” (“Les Fées”) and “Bluebeard” (“La Barbe-bleu”). The Turgenev archive in Paris contains draft translations of these two tales (see: Mazon, p. 67). The remaining seven fairy tales (out of the nine included in the book) were translated by N.V. Shcherban (see: Rus Vestn, 1890, No. 8, p. 18-24) with the participation of N.N. Rashet, which Turgenev reminded her of in a letter dated August 23 (September 4), 1866.
Due to lack of time, Turgenev was unable to edit the translations made by other participants in the publication, which he wrote on March 16 (28), 1867 to I. P. Borisov, who reported stylistic errors that had crept into the text of fairy tales and noticed by A. A. Fet.
"Children - they need it."— Translation of a phrase from the preface by J. Etzel (see: Les Contes de Perrault. Dessins par Gustave Doré, Préface par P. -J. Stahl. Paris, 1862, p. XI).
...died there in 1697.— Turgenev is wrong, Charles Perrault, French poet and critic, member of the French Academy, died in 1703.
...In 1693 - the first edition of his fairy tales...— The first collection of fairy tales by Charles Perrault, “Tales of My Mother Goose, or Stories and Tales of Bygone Times with Instructions,” was published in 1697.
...to mix with his brother...— Claude Perrault (c. 1613-1688) French architect, doctor by training, studied mathematics, physics and archaeology. According to his design, the front, decorated with paired Corinthian columns, eastern and more modest southern facades of the Louvre were built (1667-1674).
28. "Tales of My Mother Goose" (French).
Why do storytellers come to us?
Charles Perrault was a very famous scientist. He was even elected a member of the French Academy. This high-ranking official loved... fairy tales more than anything else (more than serious studies in philosophy and jurisprudence!).
In those days, and Charles Perrault lived three centuries ago, the fairy tale was not considered literature, it was not taken seriously at all. Folk tales existed on their own, they were collected and studied by specialists, and the reading public was not interested in this.
https://pandia.ru/text/78/129/images/image002_23.jpg" alt="Breteuil Castle" align="left" width="343" height="185 src=">В сказках Перро так и случается. Помните сказку о фее, которая являлась у колодца двумя разным девочкам? Одна была добра - она с готовностью бросилась выполнять просьбу усталой старушки, попросившей напиться. Вторая - злая и черствая - на просьбу ответила грубостью. И что из этого вышло? Змеи и жабы стали сыпаться изо рта злюки, стоило ей только заговорить. Ужас берет, как только подумаешь, как же потом жила эта девочка? Может быть, она раскаялась, и фея простила ее? Хочется верить.!}
Perrault’s “Little Red Riding Hood” is also a very complicated story. This is a tale about how unwise it is to trust “wolves”, and about how dangerous it is to listen to treacherous speeches. Some translators even rhymed the storyteller’s wise warnings:
When Charles Perrault decided to publish a book of his fairy tales, he asked his son to identify himself as the author of the publication and wrote his name on the title page. He was embarrassed to seem frivolous. But I must say that no one believed it. Everyone recognized the author anyway. And here's what's surprising. Nobody remembers the names of the scientific works of Charles Perrault, which he signed openly. But the whole world knows his fairy tales!
Perrault was the first writer to make fairy tales into full-fledged literature. His masterpieces occupy a serious place among the recognized short stories and novels in the literature of the 18th century. He “opened the way” for other wonderful writers and storytellers. After him, other amazing tales appeared. Let's remember: “A Thousand and One Nights”, “Baron Munchausen”, fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm, fairy tales of Hoffmann, Hauff, Andersen.
In France, near Paris, there is the famous castle of Breteuil. Since 1604, one large noble family lived in this castle. She served the kings of France in the 17th and 18th centuries. The halls on the first floor are decorated with magnificent interiors. Portraits of the ancestors of this family hang on the walls. Kings, cardinals, and royal nobles have been here. But what's left of all these celebrities? Portraits depicting people whom few people remember, dishes, furniture that deteriorate over time...
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The true inhabitants of the castle today are the heroes of Charles Perrault. There are a lot of Puss in Boots here, you can meet them at almost every step - and the cats are completely different. Either a musician cat, or a craftsman cat, or an aristocrat cat. There are chambers in which the Sleeping Beauty rests. Thumb is the owner of a magnificent dish with apples. Fairies are lovely guardians of special talents who, at will, give them away to people. Princes and princesses. The park in which the castle is located is magnificent. Fountains make a monotonous noise, wild animals roam among the shady trees. And everywhere we hear the voice of the storyteller, flying to us through the centuries: “Never despair!” Reality often changes. Cinderella meets her prince. A stupid beauty, having fallen in love, becomes smart and kind...
Olga Kovalevskaya
Photo by Boris Gessel
Tales of Charles Perrault:
Scenario of the Literary Quiz based on the fairy tales of Charles Perrault
Good afternoon guys. Today we have gathered with you in this hall to celebrate two solemn events. All you know is that November 24 we celebrate with you Reading Day and today you have the opportunity to prove to yourself and your comrades that you deserve to be called literate and reading people by taking part in a literary quiz.
And the second event, which is also closely related to our today’s event, is the ending year 2012, which was declared in our country Year of the French language and French literature in Russia. So the hero of our today's holiday is also French by nationality and, in addition, he is one of the most popular children's writers. Let's try to guess who it is?
(slide 1)
Well done, you completed the task, the writer is recognized! This is Charles Perrault.
Charles Perrault was a very famous scientist. He was even elected a member of the French Academy. This high-ranking official loved more than anything else (more than serious studies in philosophy and jurisprudence!)... fairy tales.
In those days, well Charles Perrault lived almost four centuries ago, the fairy tale was not considered literature, it was not taken seriously at all. Folk tales existed on their own, they were collected and studied by specialists, and the reading public was not interested in this.
Perrault was first the writer who made the fairy tale a full-fledged literature. His masterpieces occupy a serious place among the recognized short stories and novels in the literature of the 18th century. He “opened the way” for other wonderful writers and storytellers. After him, other amazing tales appeared. Let's remember: “A Thousand and One Nights”, “Baron Munchausen”, fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm, fairy tales of Hoffmann, Hauff, Andersen.
A fairy tale is very serious. You have to believe in it. Be able to read and learn to listen to storytellers. They come to us, we just have to open the book. They come to warn, reassure, support. To always be there.
And I suggest you go visit the fairy tales of this great writer and try once again to understand what these fairy tales teach us.
We are starting a LITERARY QUIZ “Tales of Charles Perrault” (slide 2)
Competition 1
"Warm-up"
Here are 9 of the most famous fairy tales by Charles Perrault: ( slide 3) 1. A boy with a thumb; 2. “Cinderella”; 3. “Bluebeard”; 4. “Little Red Riding Hood”; 5. "Sleeping Beauty"; 6. “Donkey skin”; 7. “Fairy Gifts”; 8. "Puss in Boots"; 9. “Rike-Khokholok”
Each team receives a question common to several fairy tales. It is necessary to put in front of the question the number of the fairy tale to which this question applies. There may be several answers. Each correct answer gives the team 1 point.
QUESTIONS: 1. Which fairy tales of Perrault end with a wedding? (2, 5,6,7,8,9); 2. In which of Perrault’s fairy tales are there fairies? (2,5,6,7,9); 3. Which fairy tales by Perrault have animal heroes? (2, 4,6,8)
Well done, you did an excellent job with the first task and proved your right to compete for the title of attentive reader.
Competition 2
Captains competition
I invite the team captains to come to me and listen to the conditions of the next competition. You need to guess from which fairy tale the following lesson was taken. You need to answer on your own, without consulting the team, and we will start with the laggards.
1. “You cannot listen to insidious speeches,”
Otherwise, the wolf might eat you!” (Little Red Riding Hood ) (slide 4)
2. “Childhood is beautifully decorated with a rather large inheritance given to the son by his father. But whoever inherits skill, and courtesy, and courage, will be more likely to do well” (Puss in Boots) (slide 5)
3. “One thing follows from the fairy tale, but it was truer than the truest one!” Everything that we fell in love with is beautiful and smart for us.” (Rike-Khokholok) (slide 6)
4. “We are all not averse to having at least a dozen children, If only they are caressing with their height, intelligence and beautiful appearance; But every runt tries to offend: everyone is persecuted, everyone is oppressed by unjust enmity, And all the time he, a boorish looking guy, saves the whole family and makes them happy.” (Tom Thumb) (slide 7)
Competition 3
Game by sectors
Sector "Lexicon"
You probably noticed that in old fairy tales there are many words, the meaning of which is sometimes unclear to us. In this sector, each team will receive a task, which is as follows. Outdated words are written on red pieces of paper. to you, with the help explanatory dictionaries Vladimir Dahl needs to find the meaning and explanation of these words and inform those present. The task is performed on speed: the team that completes the task first and correctly receives 4 points. The second - 3, the third -2. The choice of words for interpretation is determined by lot. (daisy with petals-sectors)
1. Stepdaughter(step-daughter, daughter of husband or wife); brocade(silk fabric with gold or silver threads)
2. Velvet(expensive silk fabric with short pile); game(wild birds, subject of hunting)
3. Vow(solemn promise); hearth(a device for maintaining and starting a fire).
4. page(a boy of good birth in an honorary servant of a sovereign); papillot(triangular piece of paper for curling hair)
In the meantime, our teams are doing their task, I invite the audience to answer questions that will help us count some things and events in Charles Perrault’s fairy tales.
Competition for spectators “How many”.
1. How many horses were harnessed to Cinderella’s carriage? (6)
2. How many days did the ball last in the fairy tale “Cinderella”? (2)
3. How many fairies were invited to the little princess’s birthday? (8)
4. How many brothers did Little Thumb have? (6)
5. How old was Thumb Boy? (7)
6. How many times did the woodcutter take his children into the forest? (2)
7. How many sons did the miller have? (3)
Well done, you completed this task with ease and can rightfully be considered experts in the interpretation of words. And we move on to the next sector.
Sector “The fourth is superfluous”
You will be offered a video sequence of four objects that are found in the fairy tales of Charles Perrault. Your task is to name the extra item in this row and explain your decision. The right to answer the question is awarded to the team that raised its hand first. The price of one question is 2 points.
1. mill, wolf, cat, girl. (The cat is not in the fairy tale “Little Red Riding Hood”)
2. Shoe. Watch. Mouse, cannibal. (there is no cannibal in the fairy tale “Cinderella”)
3. Yarn, spinning wheel, loom, spindle. (there is no loom in the fairy tale "Sleeping Beauty".
4. Sack, rabbit, wolf, partridge. (there is no wolf in the fairy tale “Puss in Boots”).
5. Fox, pies, glasses, axe. (The fox is not in the fairy tale “Little Red Riding Hood”).
Well done, and we move to the next sector, which is called
Sector "Character"
It is necessary to guess the character of the fairy tale and give an answer to the question that will be asked after the description of the character. We will answer in order and start with the losing teams. The asking price is 2 points.
1. You are the favorite of your mother and grandmother. You love picking flowers and collecting bouquets. You forget that you can't talk to strangers. Who will save you from death? (Little Red Riding Hood, woodcutters).
2. Your beauty outshines even the shine of jewelry. You are beautifully dressed. Although the style of your dress is somewhat outdated. For how many years? (Sleeping Beauty, one hundred).
3. You are a respectable and noble person, but your second marriage was extremely unsuccessful. What feature of your own daughter’s appearance will help her find happiness? (Cinderella's father, little foot)
4. You helped your goddaughter get to the ball. What transformations did you make for this? (fairy, pumpkin - carriage, mice - horses, lizards - lackeys. Rat - coachman)
5. You are a famous nobleman. Hunt mice only occasionally – for your own pleasure. What's the most unusual mouse you've ever caught? (puss in boots, cannibal)
6. You fell in love with your bride at first sight. To find it you had to overcome thickets of thorns and rose hips. What helped your beloved open her eyes? (prince, kiss).
Competition 4
"Black box"
The goal of this competition is to guess the object that played a significant role in the fairy tale. You can get three pieces of information about the mysterious object. The less information is required, the more points the team receives (after the first information - 3; after the second - 2; after the third - 1). The opposing team can also offer its own option after each incorrect answer. You need to listen carefully and be smart.
1. Pie from the fairy tale “Little Red Riding Hood”:
This is food, but they didn’t even try it, although they were brutally hungry;
This is a gift (gift);
Moved from one village to another.
2. Riding Hood from the fairy tale “Little Red Riding Hood”:
Birthday gift from a close relative;
In the fairy tale she is called only diminutively;
Beautiful. Even elegant
3.Boots from the fairy tale “Puss in Boots”
Made to order;
The owner became a famous nobleman.
Eat fairy-tale heroes who come to us at dawn, sad and cheerful, simple-minded and crafty. Hours of happy children's reading fly by unnoticed, the book closes, but its characters remain. For a long time. For life. And over the years they do not lose their magical charm - spontaneity, old-fashioned comfort, and most importantly - their by no means fairy-tale essence.
It is no coincidence that, trying to give a convincingly vivid definition, we sometimes say with a smile: “What a dandy - he struts around like a cat in boots...”, “Why are you so lethargic - like a sleeping beauty?..”, “Small , but resourceful, like a little boy.”...
And behind these images that have returned from childhood, we hardly see a man in a curled wig, in a satin camisole, in shoes with silver buckles. But it was he, Charles Perrault, a royal official, court poet and member of the French Academy, who once arrogantly said: “The Milesian stories are so childish that it is too much honor to contrast them with our tales of Mother Goose or Donkey Skin...”
By Milesian stories he meant ancient myths; “Tales of My Mother Goose” he called his collection of processed folklore materials. (This material will help you write competently on the topic of Fairy Tales by Charles Perrault. Summary does not make it possible to understand the whole meaning of the work, so this material will be useful for a deep understanding of the work of writers and poets, as well as their novels, stories, stories, plays, poems.) Thus, Perrault became the first writer in Europe to make folk tale heritage of world literature.
The success of his tales was extraordinary. Reprints immediately appeared, and then imitators were found who began to adapt their works to the tastes and morals of various classes - often aristocratic ones. But more on that below. First, let's try to figure out what is the reason for the success of "Tales of My Mother Goose"?
In French literature of the 17th century, classicism dominated with the cult of ancient gods and heroes. And the main pillars of classicism were Boileau, Corneille, Racine, who introduced their works into the rigid mainstream of academicism. Often their tragedies and poems, with all their classical completeness, looked lifeless, cold casts and did not touch either the mind or the heart. Court poets, painters and composers, using mythical subjects, glorified the victory of the absolute monarchy over feudal disunity, praised the noble state and, of course, the “Sun King” Louis XIV.
But the young, growing bourgeoisie was not satisfied with the frozen dogmas. Her opposition intensified in all areas public life. And the toga of classicism shackled the shoulders of the adherents of the “new” party, led by Charles Perrault.
Calling on writers to draw their stories not from ancient authors, but from the surrounding reality, in his ode “The Age of Louis the Great” he wrote:
Antiquity, no doubt, respectable and beautiful,
But we got used to falling on our faces before her in vain.
After all, even the ancient great minds
Not inhabitants of heaven, but people like us.
If only someone in our age would dare to
Prejudice
Born in 1628. And in 1697, the first collection of his fairy tales was published in France. It turned out that this statesman and critic, academician of the French Academy, was captivated by folk stories and entertained the royal court with them. But it seemed to Charles Perrault that this was the most frivolous genre, so he said that his son wrote, and he himself only made short and meaningful teachings for them. Charles Perrault's "Tales of Mother Goose" is the first collection of a specific author (this is what distinguishes an author's fairy tale from a folk tale). So Charles Perrault became one of the founders of the world literary fairy tale. We all know him the most famous fairy tales: “Little Red Riding Hood”, “Puss in Boots”, “” and others.
Beloved The fairy tale of many girls is, of course, “Cinderella”. Almost every girl deserves to be in her place. Cinderella is home fairy tales Charles Perrault's "The Crystal Slipper". She is kind, good-natured, gentle, and, of course, very beautiful - “all like her mother, the best woman in the world". She never tried to “repay the same coin” to her sisters who laughed at her. The sisters knew that she had good taste - and they always discussed what to wear, asked her to do her hair, but they did not consider her an equal. Cinderella washed the dishes, washed the clothes, did all the menial work, but did not complain and sincerely helped her sisters in everything, working diligently. And after her wedding, she even took her sisters to her palace and gave them in marriage to two young nobles. Cinderella humbly endured all the injustices and never dared to complain to her father. But her sisters and stepmother seemed to hate her even more because she was not like them in this way either - after all, they certainly would not have lost the opportunity to laugh at someone and do something bad.
Exactly For her kindness and sincerity, fate will smile on the girl. Cinderella does not demand reward from fate, she only dreams - and dreams come true. Cinderella finally finds her thread among the tangle of problems and obstacles that hindered her, receives a reward - a beautiful dress, glass slippers, but usually not only they help her get the main thing - the love of a handsome prince. Cinderella has turned into “the most beautiful princess in the world,” whom everyone, even her sisters and stepmother, strive to imitate, and at the end of the fairy tale she marries the prince. Cinderella was really justly lucky, because it’s easy for someone to say, but it’s hard to actually direct your soul towards good feelings towards the people who offended you. At least just give them everything that belongs to them for justice.
So it follows think about the moral veiled between the lines of this fairy tale: isn’t it hidden in it the desire to teach people to forgive each other? Apologize not only in words, but also in your soul. Treat one another kindly, be noble and kind. Behind the image is an ideal, extremely clearly and aptly outlined by the author of this tale. Each of us must strive for this ideal from time to time. And, perhaps, the closer we stand to him, the more positive fate treats us. After all, ours depends on our actions, both good and bad. She will still return to us someday and smile with her magical smile, from the radiance of which golden reflections will dance on the walls.
Need a cheat sheet? Then save - "The Smile of Fate (based on the fairy tale "Cinderella" by Charles Perrault). Literary essays!
