The death of Ekaterina Ivanovna is a crime and punishment. The tragic fate of Katerina Ivanovna
"Crime and Punishment" is one of best works world literature, filled with the deepest meaning and tragedy. Dostoevsky's novel is replete with different bright images and twisted storylines. Among all this brightness, one rather tragic image of Katerina Ivanovna Marmeladova stands out.
Her husband, an avid alcoholic, a retired official, is Marmeladov. Raskolnikov believed that this couple was categorically incompatible. She is a beautiful woman, younger than her chosen one, and was from a noble family. He is an official who achieved nothing, but only ruined his life.
The woman's family was prosperous. Katerina Ivanovna did not need anything and received an excellent education. Foolishly, due to her young age, she fell in love with an infantry officer. He became her first husband, but, alas, life did not work out. A man cannot provide for his family and children. Katerina’s husband was put on trial for a gambling debt, where he lost his life. The woman was left alone, without support and support, because the whole family disowned her.
Then that very official, second husband, Semyon Marmeladov, appeared in her life. It was he who gave the woman the helping hand she so needed. Katerina never loved Marmeladov, but the man accepted her with her family and fell in love with her children. In turn, the woman herself felt only a feeling of gratitude and appreciation for him.
Katerina Ivanovna did not receive happiness in her second marriage, just like in her first. Even though Marmeladov was kind person, But bad habits swallowed him up. The man got drunk almost every day and brought nothing home. The family was on the verge of poverty. It got to the point that the woman developed consumption.
Due to her illness, Katerina Ivanovna began to behave inappropriately. Conflicts arose with Marmeladov’s daughter; she treated poor Sonechka unfairly. But the stepdaughter understood everything and did not hold a grudge against her stepmother.
The image of Katerina is a strong and strong-willed woman. Despite all the problems, she did not lose her self-esteem. She good wife and a wonderful mother.
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Tragic fate Katerina Ivanovna. Katerina Ivanovna is a rebel who passionately intervenes in an unjust and hostile environment. She is an immensely proud person, in a fit of offended feeling she goes against common sense, putting not only her own life on the altar of passion, but, what is even worse, the well-being of her children.
We learn that Marmeladov’s wife Katerina Ivanovna married him with three children from Marmeladov’s conversation with Raskolnikov. I have the image of an animal, and Katerina Ivanovna, my wife, is an educated person and born a staff officer’s daughter, she is also filled with a high heart and feelings ennobled by her upbringing. Katerina Ivanovna, although a generous lady, is unfair, she pulls out my hair. Know that my wife was brought up in a noble provincial noble institute and at graduation she danced with a shawl in front of the governor and other people, for which she received a gold medal and a certificate of merit, yes, she is a hot lady , proud and unyielding.
She washes the floor herself and sits on black bread, but she won’t allow anyone to disrespect her. The widow has already taken her, with three children, small or small. She married her first husband, an infantry officer, for love, and with him she fled from her parents’ house.
She loved her husband excessively, but he indulged in gambling, ended up in court, and died as a result. He beat her in the end, but even though she didn’t let him go, she was left after him with three young children in a distant and brutal county. Her relatives all refused. Yes, and she was proud, too proud. You can judge because of the extent to which her misfortunes reached, that she, educated and brought up and with a well-known surname, agreed to marry me! But I went! Crying and sobbing and wringing my hands - I went! For there was nowhere to go Dostoevsky, ibid., pp. 42-43. Marmeladov gives his wife an accurate description. For although Katerina Ivanovna is filled with generous feelings, the lady is hot and irritated, and Dostoevsky will snap, ibid., p. 43 But her human pride, like Marmeladova’s, is trampled upon at every step, and she is forced to forget about dignity and pride.
It is pointless to seek help and sympathy from others; Katerina Ivanovna has nowhere to go. This woman shows physical and spiritual degradation. She is incapable of either serious rebellion or humility.
Her pride is so exorbitant that humility is simply impossible for her. Katerina Ivanovna rebels, but her rebellion turns into hysteria. This is a tragedy turning into a rough square action. She attacks those around her for no reason, runs into trouble and humiliation herself, insults her landlady every now and then, goes to the general to seek justice, from where she is also expelled in disgrace. Katerina Ivanovna not only blames the people around her for her suffering, but also God. I have no sins! God must forgive anyway; He knows how much I suffered! If he doesn’t forgive, he shouldn’t, she says before her death. 5.
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Female images in F. M. Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment"
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First, he learns about her from Marmeladov’s confessional story in the “tavern”: “Katerina Ivanovna, my wife, is an educated person and born a staff officer’s daughter. Even if I am a scoundrel, she is full of high hearts and feelings, ennobled by upbringing.<...>And although I myself understand that when she pulls my hair, she pulls them only out of pity of her heart.<...>Do you know, do you know, my lord, that I even drank through her stockings? Not shoes, sir, for that would at least somewhat resemble the order of things, but stockings, she drank her stockings away, sir! I also drank away her scarf made of goat's down, a gift, the old one, her own, not mine; and we live in a cold place, and this winter she caught a cold and started coughing, already bleeding. We have three small children, and Katerina Ivanovna is at work from morning to night, scrubbing and washing and washing the children, because she is accustomed to cleanliness from childhood, but with a weak chest and inclined to consumption, and I feel it.<...> Know that my wife was brought up in the noble provincial noble institute and upon graduation she danced with a shawl in front of the governor and other persons, for which she received a gold medal and a certificate of commendation. The medal... well, the medal was sold... a long time ago... um... the certificate of merit is still in their chest, and just recently I showed it to the owner. And although she has the most constant disagreements with her mistress, she at least wanted to be proud of someone and tell about the happy days gone by. And I don’t condemn, I don’t condemn, because this last thing remains in her memories, and everything else has gone to dust! Yes Yes; The lady is hot, proud and unyielding. She washes the floor herself and sits on black bread, but she won’t allow herself to be disrespected. That’s why Mr. Lebezyatnikov didn’t want to let go of his rudeness, and when Mr. Lebezyatnikov beat her up for it, it was not so much from the beatings as from feeling that she went to bed. He had already taken her as a widow, with three children, small or small. She married her first husband, an infantry officer, for love, and with him she fled from her parents’ house. She loved her husband excessively, but he indulged in gambling, ended up in court, and died as a result. He beat her in the end; and although she didn’t let him down, which I know for certain and from documents, she still remembers him with tears and reproaches me with it, and I’m glad, I’m glad, because although in her imagination she sees herself once happy. And after him she was left with three young children in a distant and brutal district, where I was then, and remained in such hopeless poverty that although I have seen many different adventures, I am not even able to describe. The relatives all refused. Yes, and she was proud, too proud... And then, my dear sir, then I, also a widower, and having a fourteen-year-old daughter from my first wife, offered my hand, because I could not look at such suffering. You can judge because of the extent to which her misfortunes reached, that she, educated and brought up and with a well-known surname, agreed to marry me! But I went! Crying and sobbing and wringing my hands - I went! Because there was nowhere to go. Do you understand, do you understand, dear sir, what it means when there is nowhere else to go? No! You don’t understand this yet... And for a whole year I fulfilled my duty piously and holyly and did not touch it (he pointed his finger at the half-damask), for I have a feeling. But he couldn’t please either; and then I lost my place, and also not through my fault, but due to a change in the states, and then I touched!.. It will be a year and a half ago when we finally found ourselves, after wanderings and numerous disasters, in this magnificent capital adorned with numerous monuments. And here I found a place... I got it and lost it again. Do you understand, sir? Here, through my own fault, I lost it, because my point has come... Now we live in the coal, with the landlady Amalia Fedorovna Lippevehsel, but I don’t know how we live and how we pay. Many people live there besides us... Sodom, sir, the ugliest... um... yes... And in the meantime, my daughter, from her first marriage, grew up, and what she, my daughter, only endured from her stepmother , growing up, I keep silent about that. For although Katerina Ivanovna is filled with generous feelings, the lady is hot and irritated, and will snap..."
Raskolnikov, having escorted the intoxicated Marmeladov home, saw his wife in person: “She was a terribly thin woman, thin, rather tall and slender, still with beautiful dark brown hair and indeed with cheeks flushed to the blemishes. She walked back and forth in her small room, clasping her hands on her chest, with parched lips and breathing unevenly, intermittently. Her eyes shone as if in a fever, but her gaze was sharp and motionless, and this consumptive and agitated face made a painful impression, with the last light of the dying cinder fluttering on her face. She seemed to Raskolnikov to be about thirty years old, and really was not a match for Marmeladov... She did not listen to those entering and did not see. The room was stuffy, but she did not open the window; there was a stench coming from the stairs, but the door to the stairs was not closed; Waves of tobacco smoke rushed from the interior through the unlocked door; she coughed, but did not close the door. The smallest girl, about six years old, was sleeping on the floor, somehow sitting, huddled and with her head buried in the sofa. A boy, a year older than her, was trembling in the corner and crying. He probably just got nailed. The eldest girl, about nine years old, tall and thin as a matchstick, wearing only a thin shirt torn everywhere and an old draped damask jacket thrown over her bare shoulders, sewn for her probably two years ago, because it now did not even reach her knees, stood in corner next to his little brother, clasping his neck with his long hand, as dry as a match...”
Katerina Ivanovna herself adds a few touches to her portrait and biography in the scene of her husband’s wake in a conversation with Raskolnikov: “Having had fun, Katerina Ivanovna immediately got carried away into various details and suddenly started talking about how, with the help of the pension she had procured, she would certainly start a business in her hometown T... boarding house for noble maidens. Katerina Ivanovna herself had not yet informed Raskolnikov about this, and she was immediately carried away into the most tempting details. It is unknown how the very “letter of commendation” that the deceased Marmeladov had notified Raskolnikov of, explaining to him in the tavern that Katerina Ivanovna, his wife, upon graduating from the institute, danced with a shawl “in front of the governor and other persons”, suddenly ended up in her hands "<...>it actually indicated<...>that she is the daughter of a court councilor and a gentleman, and therefore, in fact, almost a colonel’s daughter. Inflamed, Katerina Ivanovna immediately spread about all the details of the future wonderful and calm life in T...; about the gymnasium teachers whom she would invite for lessons at her boarding school; about one venerable old man, the Frenchman Mango, who taught Katerina Ivanovna in French at the institute and who is still living out his life in T... and will probably go to her for the most reasonable price. Finally, the matter came to Sonya, “who will go to T ... together with Katerina Ivanovna and will help her there in everything” ... "
Alas, the dreams and plans of the poor widow were not destined to come true: literally in a few minutes the argument with the hostess will develop into a furious scandal, then a monstrous scene will occur with Sonya accused of theft, and Katerina Ivanovna will not stand it, grab the children in her arms and go out into the street, finally will go crazy and die in Sonya’s room, where they will have time to transfer her. The picture of her death is terrible and deeply symbolic: “—Enough!.. It’s time!.. Goodbye, unfortunate one!.. The nag has gone away! - she screamed desperately and hatefully and slammed her head on the pillow.
She forgot herself again, but this last oblivion did not last long. Her pale yellow, withered face was thrown back, her mouth opened, her legs stretched out convulsively. She took a deep, deep breath and died..."
All her life Katerina Ivanovna has been looking for what and how to feed her children; she endures poverty and deprivation. Proud, ardent, adamant, left a widow with three children, she, under the threat of hunger and poverty, was forced, “crying and sobbing, and wringing her hands, to marry a nondescript official, a widower with a fourteen-year-old daughter Sonya, who, in turn, marries Katerina Ivanovna out of a feeling of pity and compassion.
The surrounding environment seems like a real hell to her, and the human meanness that she encounters at every step hurts her painfully. Katerina Ivanovna does not know how to endure and remain silent, like Sonya. Her strongly developed sense of justice prompts her to take decisive action, which leads to a misunderstanding of her behavior by those around her.
She is of noble origin, from a bankrupt noble family, so it is many times harder for her than for her stepdaughter and husband. The point is not even in everyday difficulties, but in the fact that Katerina Ivanovna does not have an outlet in life, like Sonya and Semyon Zakharych. Sonya finds solace in prayers and in the Bible, and her father forgets himself at least for a while in a tavern. Katerina Ivanovna is a passionate, daring, rebellious and impatient person.
The behavior of Katerina Ivanovna on the day of Marmeladov’s death shows that love for one’s neighbor is deeply embedded in the human soul, that it is natural for a person, even if he does not realize it. “And thank God he’s dying! Less damage!” - Katerina Ivanovna exclaims at the bedside of her dying husband, but at the same time she fusses around the patient, gives him something to drink, straightens the pillows.
Bonds of love and compassion bind Katerina Ivanovna and Sonya. Sonya does not condemn the stepmother, who once pushed her stepdaughter onto the panel. On the contrary, the girl defends Katerina Ivanovna in front of Raskolnikov, “worried and suffering and wringing her hands.” And a little later, when Luzhin publicly accuses Sonya of stealing money, Raskolnikov sees with what fierceness Katerina Ivanovna rushes to Sonya’s defense.
Need and poverty oppress the Marmeladov family, driving Katerina Ivanovna to consumption, but a sense of self-worth lives in her. Dostoevsky himself says about her: “And Katerina Ivanovna was not one of the downtrodden, she could be completely killed by circumstances, but it was impossible to kill her morally, that is, to intimidate and subjugate her will.” It was this desire to feel like a full-fledged person that forced Katerina Ivanovna to organize a luxurious wake. Dostoevsky constantly emphasizes this desire with the words “proudly and with dignity she looked at her guests,” “she did not deign to answer,” “she noticed loudly across the table.” Next to the feeling of self-respect, another great feeling lives in Katerina Ivanovna’s soul - kindness. She tries to justify her husband, saying: “Imagine, Rodion Romanovich, I found a gingerbread cockerel in his pocket: he’s walking dead drunk, but he remembers about the children.” She, pressing Sonya tightly, as if with her chest she wants to protect her from Luzhin’s accusations, says: “Sonya! Sonya! I don’t believe it!” In search of justice, Katerina Ivanovna runs out into the street. She understands that after the death of her husband, the children are doomed to starvation, that fate is unkind to them. So Dostoevsky, contradicting himself, refutes the theory of consolation and humility, which supposedly leads everyone to happiness and well-being, when Katerina Ivanovna rejects the consolation of the priest. The end of Katerina Ivanovna is tragic. Unconscious, she runs to the general to ask for help, but their Lordships are having dinner, and the doors are closed in front of her. There is no longer any hope of salvation, and Katerina Ivanovna decides to take the last step: she goes to beg. The death scene of the poor woman is very impressive. The words with which she dies (“they drove away the nag”, “strained herself”) are imprinted in the face of Katerina Ivanovna tragic image grief. This image contains enormous power of protest. He stands in a row eternal images world literature.
The central place in the novel by F. M. Dostoevsky is occupied by the image of Sonya Marmeladova, a heroine whose fate evokes our sympathy and respect. The more we learn about her, the more we are convinced of her purity and nobility, the more we begin to think...
F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment” is socio-psychological. In it, the author raises important social issues that worried people of that time. The originality of this novel by Dostoevsky lies in the fact that it shows psychology...
F. M. Dostoevsky - “ great artist ideas" (M. M. Bakhtin). The idea determines the personality of his heroes, who “do not need millions, but need to resolve the idea.” The novel “Crime and Punishment” is a debunking of the theory of Rodion Raskolnikov, a condemnation of the principle...
Dostoevsky is rightfully considered a psychological writer. In the novel “Crime and Punishment,” a psychological analysis of the state of the criminal before and after committing a murder is merged with an analysis of Raskolnikov’s “idea.” The novel is structured in such a way that the reader constantly...
Katerina Ivanovna has gone crazy. She ran to the deceased’s former boss to ask for protection, but she was kicked out of there, and now the crazy woman is going to go begging on the street, forcing the children to sing and dance.
Sonya grabbed her mantilla and hat and ran out of the room, getting dressed as she ran. The men followed her. Lebezyatnikov talked about the reasons for Katerina Ivanovna’s madness, but Raskolnikov did not listen, but, reaching his house, nodded his head to his companion and turned into the gateway.
Lebezyatnikov and Sonya forcibly found Katerina Ivanovna - not far from here, on the canal. The widow is completely crazy: she hits the frying pan, makes the children dance, they cry; they are about to be taken to the police.
We hurried to the canal, where a crowd had already gathered. Katerina Ivanovna’s hoarse voice could be heard from the bridge. She, tired and out of breath, then screamed at crying children, whom she dressed up in some old clothes, trying to give them the appearance of street performers, then rushed to the people and talked about her unhappy fate.
She forced Polechka to sing and the younger ones to dance. Sonya followed her stepmother and, sobbing, begged to return home, but she was inexorable. Seeing Raskolnikov, Katerina Ivanovna told everyone that he was her benefactor.
Meanwhile, the main ugly scene was still ahead: a policeman was squeezing his way through the crowd. At the same time, some respectable gentleman silently handed Katerina Ivanovna a three-ruble note, and the distraught woman began to ask
him to protect them from the policeman.
The younger children, frightened by the police, grabbed each other's hands and started running.
Katerina Ivanovna rushed after them, but tripped and fell. Polechka brought the fugitives, the widow was raised. It turned out that blood was gushing out of her throat from the blow.
Through the efforts of a respectable official, everything was settled. Katerina Ivanovna was carried to Sonya and laid on the bed.
The bleeding continued, but she began to come to her senses. Sonya, Raskolnikov, Lebezyatnikov, an official with a policeman, Polechka holding the hands of the younger children, the Kapernaumov family gathered in the room, and among all this audience Svidrigailov suddenly appeared.
They sent for a doctor and a priest. Katerina Ivanovna looked with a painful gaze at Sonya, who was wiping drops of sweat from her forehead, then asked her to lift herself up and, seeing the children, calmed down.
She began to rave again, then forgot herself for a while, and then her withered face fell back, her mouth opened, her legs stretched out convulsively, she took a deep breath and died. Sonya and the children were crying.
Raskolnikov went to the window, Svidrigailov approached him and said that he would take on all the troubles about the funeral, place the children in the best orphanage, put one thousand five hundred rubles for each until they reach adulthood, and pull Sofya Semyonovna out of this whirlpool.
